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Common Crow
Common name: Common Crow
Scientific name: Euploea core
Tamil name: வெண்புள்ளிக் கருப்பன்
Description: A glossy black butterfly with brown undersides, white markings on the wings, and white body spots.
Distribution: South Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: A nectar feeder, it has a bitter taste due to plant toxins, making it unappealing to predators.
More Info: IUCN
Glad-eye Bushbrown
Common name: Glad-eye Bushbrown
Scientific name: Mycalesis patnia
Tamil name: பெரூங்கண்ணன்
Description: The butterfly has dark brown wings with yellow lines and small black spots on the forewings. Its underside is yellow with silver spots. Females have a larger yellow patch on the forewings and no spots on the hindwings.
Distribution: Southern India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: These butterflies feed on fruits, decaying matter, and flowers, flying between shrubs and basking in the sun.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Leopard
Common name: Common Leopard
Scientific name: Phalanta phalantha
Tamil name: சிறுத்தை
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with tawny wings marked with black spots. Its underside is glossier, with a purple sheen in the dry season.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, Oceania and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Loves sunlight, active flier, feeds on flower nectar, and often seen mud-puddling.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Tropical Fruit Piercer
Common name: Tropical Fruit Piercer
Scientific name: Eudocima phalonia
Tamil name: கனியில் துளைக்கும் பூச்சி
Description: It has reddish-brown forewings with dark specks, an orange abdomen, and bright orange hindwings with a black spot and border.
Distribution: Asia, Africa and Australia.
Behaviour: The fruit-piercing moth is a nocturnal species that uses its strong proboscis to pierce fruit and suck out juices, often damaging crops.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: Wikipedia
Great Indian Hornbill
Common name: Great Indian Hornbill
Scientific name: Buceros bicornis
Tamil name: பெரிய இருவாயன்
Description: Kerala’s state bird has a yellow and black casque. Males have black markings, while females are smaller with bluish-white eyes and a reddish casque back.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social, loud birds, mostly herbivorous but occasionally eat small animals. They catch prey, toss it in the air, and swallow it.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Bengal Tiger
Common name: Bengal Tiger
Scientific name: Panthera tigris tigris
Tamil name: புலி
Description: This large wild cat is India’s national animal. It has a yellow-orange coat with black stripes, a white belly, and an orange tail with black rings.
Distribution: South Asia and southwestern China.
Behaviour:IIt is a strong, agile predator that defends its territory, hunts quietly, and swims well.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info : IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Small Asian Mongoose
Common name: Small Asian Mongoose
Scientific name: Herpestes javanicus
Tamil name: சாம்பல் கீரி
Description: It has a slender body, an elongated head with a pointed snout, and feet with five toes and long claws
Distribution: South Asia and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: Highly active during the day, they are swift hunters, opportunistic feeders, and known for their burrowing habits
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Cerulean
Common name: Common Cerulean
Scientific name: Jamides celeno
Tamil name: புங்க நீலன்
Description: A small butterfly with pale bluish-white wings, black borders, and a filamentous tail. The underside is greyish brown with white bands and a black spot speckled with metallic blue.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: Males absorb minerals from damp soil, while wing patterns mislead predators, aiding escape. This species also exhibits seasonal polyphenism.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Black – hooded Oriole
Common name: Black – hooded Oriole
Scientific name: Oriolus xanthornus
Tamil name: கருந்தலை மாங்குயில்
Description: The male has bright yellow plumage with a black hood, wings, and tail centre. The female is duller in color, with a black hood and greenish underparts.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These are shy, diurnal birds with an omnivorous diet, feeding on insects and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Red-wattled Lapwing
Common name: Red-wattled Lapwing
Scientific name: Vanellus indicus
Tamil name: செம்மூக்கு ஆள்காட்டி
Description: AThese birds have brown wings, a black head, neck, and bib, and a white patch from the belly to the crown. They feature a black-tipped red bill, red facial wattles, and yellow legs.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: These birds are always alert, loudly warning others of danger. They use clever tricks like distraction displays to protect their nests.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Parakeet
Common name: Malabar Parakeet
Scientific name: Psittacula columboides
Tamil name: நீலப் பைங்கிளி
Description: The blue-winged parakeet has a grey body, blue wings, and a yellow tail. Males have a red bill; females, black. Both have a black neck ring.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Terrestrial and nomadic, they nest in tree holes. Chicks are sometimes trapped for trade.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Oriental White-eye
Common name: Oriental White-eye
Scientific name: Zosterops palpebrosus
Tamil name: வெள்ளைக்கண்ணி
Description: It is a small bird with yellow-olive upperparts, a white eye-ring, and a yellow throat, giving it a charming look.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: Active and social, it forages in flocks for insects, nectar, and fruit, builds cup-shaped nests, and helps drive away predators.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
White-throated Kingfisher
Common name: White-throated Kingfisher
Scientific name: Halcyon smyrnensis
Tamil name: வெண்மார்பு மீன்கொத்தி
Description: A striking bird with a bright blue back, chestnut head and belly, and a white throat and breast. It has a large red bill and legs.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Western Asia.
Behaviour: Hunts fish, insects, and small reptiles; perches prominently before diving to catch prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Robin
Common name: Indian Robin
Scientific name: Copsychus fulicatus
Tamil name: கருஞ்சிட்டு
Description: The male is mainly black with a white shoulder patch that varies in visibility and chestnut undertail coverts. The female is brownish above, lacks the white stripe, and is greyish below.
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: These non - migratory birds are diurnal and prefer open habitats, often seen running along the ground.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
White-throated Kingfisher
Common name: White-throated Kingfisher
Scientific name: Halcyon smyrnensis
Tamil name: வெண்மார்பு மீன்கொத்தி
Description: A striking bird with a bright blue back, chestnut head and belly, and a white throat and breast. It has a large red bill and legs.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Western Asia.
Behaviour: Hunts fish, insects, and small reptiles; perches prominently before diving to catch prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Little Grebe
Common name: Little Grebe
Scientific name: Tachybaptus ruficollis
Tamil name: முக்குளிப்பான்
Description: It is a small water bird with a pointed bill and a fluffy rear. It has dark upperparts, rufous neck and cheeks, and pale underparts.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania.
Behaviour: A skilled swimmer and diver, it is active during the day and feeds on fish and aquatic invertebrates.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Barn Swallow
Common name: Barn Swallow
Scientific name: Hirundo rustica
Tamil name: தகைவிலான்
Description:It has steel-blue upperparts, reddish face and throat, a blue breast band, off-white underparts, and a forked tail with white spots.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Oceania
Behaviour: Highly social and migratory, they feed on flying insects and communicate with cheerful warbles and sharp alarm calls.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Sergeant
Common name: Common Sergeant
Scientific name: Athyma perius
Tamil name: சார்ஜெண்ட்
Description: Males have black wings with white bands, while females are darker brown. The underside is ochre yellow with bold black-bordered white markings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: They are swift, territorial fliers that feed on flower nectar and are also drawn to ripe fruits for their sugary juices.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Clipper
Common name: Clipper
Scientific name: Parthenos sylvia
Tamil name: கட்டழகன்
Description: The upper wings of this butterfly are black and bluish-grey with white patches, while the underside is paler, with shades of white, green, or purple.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: This butterfly flies fast with stiff wings, alternating between short glides and quick wing beats
More Info: LearnButterflies
Blackvein Sergeant
Common name: Blackvein Sergeant
Scientific name: Athyma ranga
Tamil name: கருஞ்சிரை சார்ஜெண்ட்
Description: It has dark velvety wings, black in males and dark brown in females, with distinct white spots.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: They are powerful fliers with a swift, skittish flight and often settle on the ground or low plants
More Info: LearnButterflies
Common Rose finch
Common name: Common Rose finch
Scientific name: Carpodacus erythrinus
Tamil name: செங்கூம்பலச்சில்லை
Description: It has a stout, conical bill. Males are rosy - red on the head, breast, and rump with dark wings, while females and young birds are yellowish-brown with a buff underside.
Distribution: Asia and Europe.
Behaviour: Melodious and agile, this migratory bird is often seen foraging on the ground for fruits, seeds, and insects
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Paradise-flycatcher
Common name: Indian Paradise-flycatcher
Scientific name: Terpsiphone paradisi
Tamil name: வேதிவால் குருவி
Description: These birds have glossy black heads and bills. Males have long central tail feathers and can be rufous or white, while females are short-tailed with rufous wings and a black head.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: These insectivores are often seen alone or in pairs, catching insects’ mid-air or from foliage.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Peninsular Rock Agama
Common name: Peninsular Rock Agama
Scientific name: Psammophilus dorsalis
Tamil name: தென்னிந்திய பாறையோந்தி
Description: This lizard has a slightly flattened body, a large head, sharp ridges above the eyes and a long tail with keeled scales. Adult males have swollen cheeks and a thickened tail base, while females lack these features.
Distribution: Southern India.
Behaviour: Known for its cryptic coloration, this lizard basks on rocks and feeds on insects.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Oriental Magpie - Robin
Common name: Oriental Magpie-Robin
Scientific name: Copsychus saularis
Tamil name: குண்டுக்கரிச்சான்
Description: Males have black upperparts and a white shoulder patch, while females have greyish-black upperparts and greyish-white underparts.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These insectivores are highly territorial and are often seen bathing in rainwater on leaves.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Cloud-Forest Silverline
Common name: Cloud-Forest Silverline
Scientific name: Cigaritis meghamalaiensis
Tamil name: கிளவுட் ஃபாரஸ்ட் சில்வர்லைன்
Description: The female has reddish-orange wings with black markings, while the male has bright blue wings with dark edges and a metallic copper sheen with silver lines.
Distribution: Endemic to Meghamalai hills.
Behaviour: This butterfly spends most of the year as a caterpillar. It lives at higher elevations, flies slowly, and is rarely seen as it’s easily preyed upon.
More Info: Wikipedia
Orange-headed Thrush
Common name: Orange-headed Thrush
Scientific name: Geokichla citrina
Tamil name: வரிமுகப் பூங்குருவி
Description: The adult male has an orange head and underparts, grey upperparts and wings, and white under tail coverts.
Distribution: Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: A shy, secretive bird with a swift flight. When disturbed, it remains motionless until the threat passes.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Black Drongo
Common name: Black Drongo
Scientific name: Dicrurus macrocercus
Tamil name: கருங்கரிச்சான்
Description: A glossy black bird with a deep forked tail and strong wings. It sits upright on wires or branches and is known for its agility in flight.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Bold and aggressive; often chases away larger birds. Feeds on insects and small prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Black Drongo
Common name: Black Drongo
Scientific name: Dicrurus macrocercus
Tamil name: கருங்கரிச்சான்
Description: A glossy black bird with a deep forked tail and strong wings. It sits upright on wires or branches and is known for its agility in flight.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Bold and aggressive; often chases away larger birds. Feeds on insects and small prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Langur
Common name: Nilgiri Langur
Scientific name: Trachypithecus johnii
Tamil name: கருங்குரங்கு
Description: A striking black-coated monkey with a reddish-brown to gold head, long tail, and white sideburns. Male langurs are slightly larger than females.
Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats.
Behaviour: They live in female-led groups, using distinct calls for distress, warning, and alarm.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Oriental Garden Lizard
Common name: Oriental Garden Lizard
Scientific name: Calotes versicolor
Tamil name: ஓணான்
Description: This lizard varies in colour from brown to greyish-olive, often with dark bands and a yellow side stripe.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: They are solitary and diurnal, feeding on larvae and small insects. They swallow prey whole after stunning it by shaking..
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Black-headed cuckooshrike
Common name: Black-headed Cuckooshrike
Scientific name: Lalage melanoptera
Tamil name: கருந்தலை குயில்கீச்சான்
Description: The male has a dark slaty-gray head, neck, and upper breast, with pale grey and white underparts.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Primarily insectivorous, it is known for its clear whistling song and strictly arboreal behaviour.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Great Indian Hornbill
Common name: Great Indian Hornbill
Scientific name: Buceros bicornis
Tamil name: பெரிய இருவாயன்
Description:Kerala’s state bird has a yellow and black casque. Males have black markings, while females are smaller with bluish-white eyes and a reddish casque back.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social, loud birds, mostly herbivorous but occasionally eat small animals. They catch prey, toss it in the air, and swallow it.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Jungle Babbler
Common name: Jungle Babbler
Scientific name: Argya striata
Tamil name: காட்டுச் சிலம்பன்
Description: Jungle babblers are brownish-grey with a yellow bill. They have a mottled throat and breast, and the tail is slightly rufous in some populations..
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: They are known for their distinctive calls and for mobbing potential predators like snakes. They also act as sentinels when foraging.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Banded Awl
Common name: Common Banded Awl
Scientific name: Hasora chromus
Tamil name: கமலாங்கர்
Description: This butterfly is dark vinaceous-brown, with males having unmarked wings and females featuring two yellowish-white discal spots. The hindwings have a hidden black tornal patch, visible briefly after hatching.
Distribution: Asia and Australia
Behaviour: It has a rapid, whirring flight and often flies around bushes in bright sunlight.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Banded Peacock
Common name: Common Banded Peacock
Scientific name: Papilio crino
Tamil name: நீலமயில் அழகன்
Description: This butterfly is blackish brown with a bright bluish-green band on its wings. Its hindwings feature a red eyespot with a black centre, while the underside is brown with yellow speckles.
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: This fast-flying butterfly usually forages in trees but is sometimes drawn to bright ground flowers. It uses mimicry for self-defence.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Lascar
Common name: Common Lascar
Scientific name: Pantoporia hordonia
Tamil name: லஸ்கர்
Description: They have a black upper side with orange markings. The underside is chestnut-brown with paler, broader markings and fine brown lines
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: Adults are non-toxic and highly alert. They are often observed feeding on flower nectar and puddling on moist ground.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Albatross
Common name: Common Albatross
Scientific name: Appias albina
Tamil name: பருபலா வெள்ளையன்
Description: It has pale yellow or white wings. Males have faint black wingtips, while females show a bold black diagonal band. The underside is dull yellowish, often with a pinkish tint.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: It is known for mud-puddling, fluttering among flowers, and basking in sunlight with its wings open.
More Info: Wikipedia
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Common name: Red-whiskered Bulbul
Scientific name: Pycnonotus jocosus
Tamil name: செம்மீசை சின்னான்
Description: A medium-sized songbird with brown upperparts, whitish underparts, and bright red cheek patches. It also has a prominent black crest on its head.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Active during the day, these birds feed mainly on fruits and insects and are known for their loud, melodious calls.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Peafowl
Common name: Indian Peafowl
Scientific name: Pavo cristatus
Tamil name: மயில்
Description: It is India’s national bird, with shiny blue-green feathers. Males have long tails with eye-like spots to attract females.
Distribution: Native to South Asia and introduced to Australia, the Bahamas, New Zealand, and the USA.
Behaviour: Males fan their tails to attract females and eat seeds, insects, and small reptiles.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Dove
Common name: Spotted Dove
Scientific name: Spilopelia chinensis
Tamil name: புள்ளிப்புறா
Description: This is the spotted dove. It has a rosy-buff underside, grey head, and a black-and-white spotted collar around its neck.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Often seen in pairs or small groups, it searches the ground for seeds, its soft cooing bringing a calm presence.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Sambar Deer
Common name: Sambar Deer
Scientific name: Rusa unicolor
Tamil name: கடமான்
Description: This large deer has a dark brown to yellowish coat, a thick mane and paler underparts. Males have antlers, while females lack them.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They hide in water and bark to warn the herd when threatened.
IUCN: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Tufted Gray Langur
Common name: Tufted Gray Langur
Scientific name: Semnopithecus priam
Tamil name: ஹனுமான் குரங்கு
Description: Large, pale monkeys with grey fur, black faces, and a tuft of grey hair. They have pale hands, feet, and long tails for balance.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Solitary and nocturnal, rock pythons are mainly terrestrial but excellent climbers and swimmers. They are strict carnivores, oviparous, and rarely attack even when threatened.
IUCN category: Near threatened.
More Info: IUCN
Lion-tailed Macaque
Common name: Lion-tailed Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca silenus
Tamil name: சிங்கவால் குரங்கு
Description: A unique primate with a black body, silver-white mane, and a tufted tail. It has dark eyes and an agile build.
Distribution: Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Arboreal and shy, these macaques live in small groups, communicating through vocalizations and body language.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Rustic
Common name: Rustic
Scientific name: Cupha erymanthis
Tamil name: செம்மன் சிறகன்
Description: It is a light yellowish brown butterfly with a prominent yellow discal band on the forewing and black markings near the edges.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: This non-toxic butterfly has an active flight pattern and helps in plant pollination.
More Info: Wikipedia
Peacock Pansy
Common name: Peacock Pansy
Scientific name: Junonia almana
Tamil name: மயில் வசீகரன்
Description: It has orange-yellow wings with bold black-ringed eyespots on both forewings and hindwings. The underside is brownish with wavy lines and faint markings
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: It basks in sunlight, mimicking an orange-faced owl to scare predators. This butterfly is highly territorial and actively drives away intruders.
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Whistling Thrush
Common name: Malabar Whistling Thrush
Scientific name: Myophonus horsfieldii
Tamil name: சீகாரப் பூங்குருவி
Description: Large blackish thrush with shiny blue; males have bright blue forehead and shoulders, females are duller.
Distribution: India
Behaviour: Once popular cage birds for their tune-learning ability, they are omnivorous and often found alone or in pairs near humans.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Heart-spotted Woodpecker
Common name: Heart-spotted Woodpecker
Scientific name: Hemicircus canente
Tamil name: கரும்புள்ளி மரங்கொத்தி
Description: This small woodpecker has a bold black-and-buff look with a large crest. It displays white shoulder patches marked with black heart-shaped spots and barred wings.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: They mainly feed on insects and often forage in pairs or join mixed-species flocks.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Indian Monitor
Common name: Common Indian Monitor
Scientific name: Varanus bengalensis
Tamil name: உடும்பு
Description: This monitor lizard has a long body, slit-like nostrils, and rough, pitted scales. Young ones show bright yellow markings, which fade to a speckled brown or grey in adults.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: These lizards are solitary and mostly ground-dwelling, but are also strong climbers and swimmers.
IUCN Category: Near Threatened
More Info: IUCN
Stripe-necked Mongoose
Common name: Stripe-necked Mongoose
Scientific name: Herpestes vitticollis
Tamil name: கீரி
Description: It has a stout body, short legs, and a rusty brown to grey coat. A black stripe runs along its neck, and its short tail is black with a grey base.
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: It is a carnivorous and diurnal animal, known for its agility and tree-climbing ability. It typically avoids human habitation.
IUCN Category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Tahr
Common name: Nilgiri Tahr
Scientific name: Nilgiritragus hylocrius
Tamil name: வரையாடு
Description: Tamil Nadu's state animal has a stocky build with coarse fur and a bristly mane. Males are larger and longer-horned than females.
Distribution: Native to south India.
Behaviour: Known for their climbing skills, they scale cliffs with ease and alert others with snorts or whistles.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Tahr
Common name: Nilgiri Tahr
Scientific name: Nilgiritragus hylocrius
Tamil name: வரையாடு
Description: Tamil Nadu's state animal has a stocky build with coarse fur and a bristly mane. Males are larger and longer-horned than females.
Distribution: Native to south India.
Behaviour: Known for their climbing skills, they scale cliffs with ease and alert others with snorts or whistles.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Crested Hawk-eagle
Common name: Crested Hawk-eagle
Scientific name: Nisaetus cirrhatus
Tamil name: குடுமிப் பருந்து
Description: Also called Changeable hawk-eagles, they have yellow eyes, a strong bill, dark brown upperparts, streaked underparts, a crest, short wings, and a barred tail.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: An agile forest predator with long, powerful legs for swift movement and sharp hunting skills.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Peafowl
Common name: Indian Peafowl
Scientific name: Pavo cristatus
Tamil name: மயில்
Description: It is India’s national bird, with shiny blue-green feathers. Males have long tails with eye-like spots to attract females.
Distribution: Native to South Asia and introduced to Australia, the Bahamas, New Zealand, and the USA.
Behaviour: Males fan their tails to attract females and eat seeds, insects, and small reptiles.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Peafowl
Common name: Indian Peafowl
Scientific name: Pavo cristatus
Tamil name: மயில்
Description: It is India’s national bird, with shiny blue-green feathers. Males have long tails with eye-like spots to attract females.
Distribution: Native to South Asia and introduced to Australia, the Bahamas, New Zealand, and the USA.
Behaviour: Males fan their tails to attract females and eat seeds, insects, and small reptiles.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Bonnet Macaque
Common name: Bonnet Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca radiata
Tamil name: குரங்கு
Description: Bonnet macaques have a swirl of hair on their heads, giving a bonnet-like look. They have greyish to golden-brown fur and pink, hairless faces.
Distribution: South India.
Behaviour: They are social primates that live in groups, groom to bond, and use grinning and clicking to show affection.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Bonnet Macaque
Common name: Bonnet Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca radiata
Tamil name: குரங்கு
Description: Bonnet macaques have a swirl of hair on their heads, giving a bonnet-like look. They have greyish to golden-brown fur and pink, hairless faces.
Distribution: South India.
Behaviour: They are social primates that live in groups, groom to bond, and use grinning and clicking to show affection.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Leopard
Common name: Indian Leopard
Scientific name: Panthera pardus fusca
Tamil name: சிறுத்தை
Description: It has a golden-yellow coat marked with black rosettes. Its underparts are white with fading spots, and it has a long, white-tipped tail.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent.
Behaviour: A big cat of the Indian jungle, it’s an opportunistic hunter, skilled climber, and strong swimmer, often carrying kills up trees and descending headfirst.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Common Five-ring
Common name: Common Five-ring
Scientific name: Ypthima baldus
Tamil name: ஐந்து வட்டன்
Description: This brown butterfly has dark wing edges and striking black-and-yellow eyespots—one large on the forewing and smaller ones on the hindwing. The underside is paler with fine brown lines.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: It is a non-toxic butterfly that aids in pollination and feeds on a variety of flowers for nectar.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Dove
Common name: Spotted Dove
Scientific name: Spilopelia chinensis
Tamil name: புள்ளிப்புறா
Description: This is the spotted dove. It has a rosy-buff underside, grey head, and a black-and-white spotted collar around its neck.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Often seen in pairs or small groups, it searches the ground for seeds, its soft cooing bringing a calm presence.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Deer
Common name: Spotted Deer
Scientific name: Axis axis
Tamil name: புள்ளி மான்
Description: Also called Chital, this graceful deer has a golden-brown coat with white spots, long legs, and males have branched antlers.
Distribution: South Asia and introduced to Argentina and Armenia.
Behaviour: They are diurnal and social animals, living in herds and feeding on grass, leaves, and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Deer
Common name: Spotted Deer
Scientific name: Axis axis
Tamil name: புள்ளி மான்
Description: Also called Chital, this graceful deer has a golden-brown coat with white spots, long legs, and males have branched antlers.
Distribution: South Asia and introduced to Argentina and Armenia.
Behaviour: They are diurnal and social animals, living in herds and feeding on grass, leaves, and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Deer
Common name: Spotted Deer
Scientific name: Axis axis
Tamil name: புள்ளி மான்
Description: Also called Chital, this graceful deer has a golden-brown coat with white spots, long legs, and males have branched antlers.
Distribution: South Asia and introduced to Argentina and Armenia.
Behaviour: They are diurnal and social animals, living in herds and feeding on grass, leaves, and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Lion-tailed Macaque
Common name: Lion-tailed Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca silenus
Tamil name: சிங்கவால் குரங்கு
Description: A unique primate with a black body, silver-white mane, and a tufted tail. It has dark eyes and an agile build.
Distribution: Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Arboreal and shy, these macaques live in small groups, communicating through vocalizations and body language.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Southern Birdwing
Common name: Southern Birdwing
Scientific name: Troides minos
Tamil name: பொன்னழகன்
Description: Males have broader black markings on the hindwings, while females display cone-shaped markings and a large yellow spot at the wing base. It is Karnataka's state butterfly.
Distribution: Endemic to South India.
Behaviour: India's second largest butterfly; it flies leisurely, covering large distances, and feeds solely on nectar.
IUCN Category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Common Mormon
Common name: Common Mormon
Scientific name: Papilio polytes
Tamil name: கறிவேப்பிலை அழகன்
Description: Males are black with whitish-yellow spots and tails on the hindwings. Females resemble males but have a red spot on the hindwing or appear darker with additional markings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: This butterfly is known for the mimicry shown by its various female forms. It is a fast flier and becomes highly active as temperatures rise.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Greater Racket - tailed Drongo
Common name: Greater Racket - tailed Drongo
Scientific name: Dicrurus paradiseus
Tamil name: துடுப்புவால் கரிச்சான்
Description: A medium-sized, glossy black bird with a curved crest and long tail feathers tipped like rackets.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Highly vocal and intelligent, it skillfully mimics bird calls, including alarm and raptor sounds, to cause panic and steal prey.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Great Indian Hornbill
Common name: Great Indian Hornbill
Scientific name: Buceros bicornis
Tamil name: மலை இருவாச்சி
Description: Kerala’s state bird has a bright yellow and black casque atop its large bill. Males feature black markings on the casque and beak, while females are smaller with bluish-white eyes and a reddish casque back.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social, loud birds, mostly herbivorous but occasionally eat small animals.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Langur
Common name: Nilgiri Langur
Scientific name: Trachypithecus johnii
Tamil name: கருங்குரங்கு
Description: A striking black-coated monkey with a reddish-brown to gold head, long tail, and white sideburns. Male langurs are slightly larger than females.
Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats.
Behaviour: They live in female-led groups, using distinct calls for distress, warning, and alarm.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Deer
Common name: Spotted Deer
Scientific name: Axis axis
Tamil name: புள்ளி மான்
Description:Also called Chital, this graceful deer has a golden-brown coat with white spots, long legs, and males have branched antlers.
Distribution: South Asia and introduced to Argentina and Armenia.
Behaviour: They are diurnal and social animals, living in herds and feeding on grass, leaves, and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Trogon
Common name: Malabar Trogon
Scientific name: Harpactes fasciatus.
Tamil name: மலபார் தீக்காக்கை
Description: These brightly colored birds have black-headed, crimson-bellied males and duller females with olive-brown bodies and ochre undersides.
Distribution: Peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: Malabar trogons feed on insects and fruits. In the Nilgiri hills, they migrate to higher altitudes during summer.
IUCN Category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Scarlet Minivet
Common name: Scarlet Minivet
Scientific name: Pericrocotus flammeus
Tamil name: மின்சிட்டு
Description: The scarlet minivet is a small, brightly coloured bird with males having striking black and scarlet plumage.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: In the treetops, these birds display lively social behaviour, often joining small groups to forage and exchange melodious calls.
IUCN Category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Barbet
Common name: Malabar Barbet
Scientific name: Psilopogon malabaricus
Tamil name: செந்நெற்றி குக்குறுவான்
Description: This is a chunky green bird with a red face, throat, and breast, accented by a blue band on the sides of its head and breast, separated by a black stripe.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats.
Behaviour: It feeds mainly on fruits but also consumes insects and nests in tree branches, which may be taken over by larger barbets.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Crow
Common name: Common Crow
Scientific name: Euploea core
Tamil name: வெண்புள்ளிக் கருப்பன்
Description: A glossy black butterfly with brown undersides, white markings on the wings, and white body spots.
Distribution: South Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: A nectar feeder, it has a bitter taste due to plant toxins, making it unappealing to predators.
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Grey Hornbill
Common name: Malabar Grey Hornbill
Scientific name: Ocyceros griseus
Tamil name: மலபார் இருவாயன்
Description: The smallest Asian hornbill, it has grey plumage, a cinnamon vent, and a black tail with a white tip. Males have a reddish bill, females a yellow one.
Distribution: Endemic to south India.
Behaviour: This hornbill eats fruit and helps spread seeds. The female seals herself in a tree while the male feeds her and the chicks.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Sambar Deer
Common name: Sambar Deer
Scientific name: Rusa unicolor
Tamil name: கடமான்
Description: This large deer has a dark brown to yellowish coat, a thick mane and paler underparts. Males have antlers, while females lack them.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They hide in water and bark to warn the herd when threatened.
IUCN: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Bengal Tiger
Common name: Bengal Tiger
Scientific name: Panthera tigris tigris
Tamil name: புலி
Description:This large wild cat is India’s national animal. It has a yellow-orange coat with black stripes, a white belly, and an orange tail with black rings.
Distribution: South Asia and southwestern China.
Behaviour: It is a strong, agile predator that defends its territory, hunts quietly, and swims well.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info : IUCN
Indian Leopard
Common name: Indian Leopard
Scientific name: Panthera pardus fusca
Tamil name: சிறுத்தை
Description: It has a golden-yellow coat marked with black rosettes. Its underparts are white with fading spots, and it has a long, white-tipped tail.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent.
Behaviour: A big cat of the Indian jungle, it’s an opportunistic hunter, skilled climber, and strong swimmer, often carrying kills up trees and descending headfirst.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Wild Dog
Common name: Wild Dog
Scientific name: Cuon alpinus
Tamil name: செந்நாய்
Description: Also called dholes, they are reddish, medium-sized, with a white belly and dark tail, like a mix of wolf and fox.
Distribution: Native to South, East and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Living in packs, they prefer staying near water, communicate with whistles, and are diurnal hunters.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Wild Dog
Common name: Wild Dog
Scientific name: Cuon alpinus
Tamil name: செந்நாய்
Description: Also called dholes, they are reddish, medium-sized, with a white belly and dark tail, like a mix of wolf and fox.
Distribution: Native to South, East and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Living in packs, they prefer staying near water, communicate with whistles, and are diurnal hunters.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Wild Dog
Common name: Wild Dog
Scientific name: Cuon alpinus
Tamil name: செந்நாய்
Description: Also called dholes, they are reddish, medium-sized, with a white belly and dark tail, like a mix of wolf and fox.
Distribution: Native to South, East and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Living in packs, they prefer staying near water, communicate with whistles, and are diurnal hunters.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Wild Dog
Common name: Wild Dog
Scientific name: Cuon alpinus
Tamil name: செந்நாய்
Description: Also called dholes, they are reddish, medium-sized, with a white belly and dark tail, like a mix of wolf and fox.
Distribution: Native to South, East and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Living in packs, they prefer staying near water, communicate with whistles, and are diurnal hunters.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Bengal Tiger
Common name: Bengal Tiger
Scientific name: Panthera tigris tigris
Tamil name: புலி
Description: This large wild cat is India’s national animal. It has a yellow-orange coat with black stripes, a white belly, and an orange tail with black rings.
Distribution: South Asia and southwestern China.
Behaviour: It is a strong, agile predator that defends its territory, hunts quietly, and swims well.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info : IUCN
Nilgiri Langur
Common name: Nilgiri Langur
Scientific name: Trachypithecus johnii
Tamil name: கருங்குரங்கு
Description: A striking black-coated monkey with a reddish-brown to gold head, long tail, and white sideburns. Male langurs are slightly larger than females.
Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats.
Behaviour: They live in female-led groups, using distinct calls for distress, warning, and alarm.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Great Indian Hornbill
Common name: Great Indian Hornbill
Scientific name: Buceros bicornis
Tamil name: மலை இருவாச்சி
Description:Kerala’s state bird has a yellow and black casque. Males have black markings, while females are smaller with bluish-white eyes and a reddish casque back.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social, loud birds, mostly herbivorous but occasionally eat small animals. They catch prey, toss it in the air, and swallow it.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Blue Tiger
Common name: Blue Tiger
Scientific name: Tirumala limniace
Tamil name: நீலப்புலி
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with dark brown to black wings decorated with bluish-white, semi-transparent spots. Its elegant, spotted pattern gives it a striking look.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Graceful in flight, it glides through forests and gardens. Its dark wings absorb heat, aiding flight in bright light.
More Info: Wikipedia
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Sambar Deer
Common name: Sambar Deer
Scientific name: Rusa unicolor
Tamil name: கடமான்
Description: This large deer has a dark brown to yellowish coat, a thick mane and paler underparts. Males have antlers, while females lack them.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They hide in water and bark to warn the herd when threatened.
IUCN: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Common Kingfisher
Common name: Common Kingfisher
Scientific name: Alcedo atthis
Tamil name: சிறிய நீல மீன்கொத்தி
Description: A small bird with a large head and long bill. Males have green-blue upperparts and red legs; females have an orange-red lower mandible.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, and North Africa
Behaviour: Highly territorial, this bird eats 60% of its body weight daily. A membrane covers its eyes while diving, relying on touch to catch prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Dark Evening Brown
Common name: Dark Evening Brown
Scientific name: Melanitis phedima
Tamil name: அடர் அந்தி சிறகன்
Description: This butterfly is brown with a large yellow-orange patch near the tip of its forewing. The underside has fine lines and several eye-like spots, especially on the hindwings.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia
Behaviour: It is a non-toxic butterfly, most active during dusk, with an erratic flight pattern.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Pierrot
Common name: Common Pierrot
Scientific name: Castalius rosimon
Tamil name: கரும்புள்ளி நீலன்
Description: This butterfly is mostly white with black edges on its wings. Males have shiny blue patches on the forewings and three black spots near the base of the hindwings. The underside is white with black bands and spots
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These butterflies fly fast and move in quick, acrobatic patterns. They often bask with their wings held half open.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Common Banded Peacock
Common name: Common Banded Peacock
Scientific name: Papilio crino
Tamil name: நீலமயில் அழகன்
Description: This butterfly is blackish brown with a bright bluish-green band on its wings. Its hindwings feature a red eyespot with a black centre, while the underside is brown with yellow speckles.
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: This fast-flying butterfly usually forages in trees but is sometimes drawn to bright ground flowers. It uses mimicry for self-defence.
More Info: Wikipedia
Pioneer
Common name: Pioneer
Scientific name: Belenois aurota
Tamil name: ஹாக்கி மட்டை மஞ்சாடை
Description: This butterfly is white with black-tipped forewings that have small white spots and black-bordered hindwings. The underside is pale with bold black veins.
Distribution: Asia and Africa.
Behaviour: An avid pollinator, often seen basking in the sun and feeding on nectar from flowers.
More Info: IUCN
Brown Fish Owl
Common name: Brown Fish Owl
Scientific name: Ketupa zeylonensis
Tamil name: மீன்பிடி ஆந்தை
Description: It has ear tufts, rufous-brown upperparts with dark streaks, and buffy-white underparts.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: These nocturnal raptors hunt by swooping from perches over water and occasionally prey on reptiles and small mammals.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Brown - capped Pygmy Woodpecker
Common name: Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker
Scientific name: Yungipicus nanus
Tamil name: சின்ன-மரங்கொத்தி
Description: A small brown and white woodpecker with pink-rimmed white irises, barred plumage above, and streaked white below.
Distribution: India, Nepal and Sri Lanka
Behaviour: Not a migrant, this woodpecker primarily forages in the canopy, using probing and gleaning to find food.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Crested Serpent Eagle
Common name: Crested Serpent Eagle
Scientific name: Spilornis cheela
Tamil name: காட்டுப் பாம்புக்கழுகு
Description: This medium-large eagle has dark brown plumage, rounded wings, and a short tail. It features a black-and-white nuchal crest, yellow facial skin, and feet.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: This reptile eater is diurnal and is known for its "still hunting" behaviour.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Blue Rock-thrush
Common name: Blue Rock-thrush
Scientific name: Monticola solitarius
Tamil name: நீலப் பூங்குருவி
Description: The male has blue-grey plumage with darker wings, while females and immatures have dark brown upperparts and paler brown scaly underparts. All have long, slim bills.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, Africa
Behaviour: The blue rock thrush nests in rock cavities and walls. It is an omnivore that migrates seasonally.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Banded Peacock
Common name: Malabar Banded Peacock
Scientific name: Papilio buddha
Tamil name: பொதிகை மயில் அழகன்
Description: It is a striking black butterfly with bright green iridescent bands on its wings. The hindwings have a distinct ochre-coloured eyespot near the tail and shimmering green scales.
Distribution: Western Ghats of India.
Behaviour: The official state butterfly of Kerala, it has a solitary, fast flight and is most active during afternoons.
More Info: Wikipedia
Tufted Gray Langur
Common name: Tufted Gray Langur
Scientific name: Semnopithecus priam
Tamil name: ஹனுமான் குரங்கு
Description: Large, pale monkeys with grey fur, black faces, and a tuft of grey hair. They have pale hands, feet, and long tails for balance.
Distribution: Southeast India and Sri Lanka
Behaviour: Also called Madras grey langurs, they are shy, semi-terrestrial, and diurnal, sharing a symbiotic relationship with spotted deer.
IUCN category: Near threatened
More Info: IUCN
Indian Python
Common name: Indian Python
Scientific name: Python molurus
Tamil name: மலைப்பாம்பு
Description: This is a large, nonvenomous snake with a whitish or yellowish body covered in tan to dark brown blotched patterns.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: Solitary and nocturnal, they are mainly terrestrial but excellent climbers and swimmers. They are strict carnivores, and rarely attack even when threatened.
IUCN category: Near threatened
More Info: IUCN
Laughing Dove
Common name: Laughing Dove
Scientific name: Spilopelia senegalensis
Tamil name: சிறிய தவிட்டுப் புறா
Description: This pigeon has a lilac head, pinkish underparts, speckled neck, brown upper body, and a long tail.
Distribution: South Asia, Africa and the Middle East.
Behaviour: These diurnal birds are fairly terrestrial and monogamous, forming lifelong pairs.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Tawny Coster
Common name: Tawny Coster
Scientific name: Acraea terpsicore
Tamil name: செவ்வந்தி சிறகன்
Description: This butterfly has tawny upper wings with black spots. The underside is pale yellow with clear black spots, and the hindwings have a black band.
Distribution: Australia, South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Protected by a nauseous chemical, it plays dead when attacked and secretes a harmful yellowish fluid to deter predators
Common Evening Brown
Common name: Common Evening Brown
Scientific name: Melanitis leda
Tamil name: அந்தி சிறகன்
Description: This brown butterfly has black spots on the forewing and eye-like spots on the hindwing. The underside is patterned and has variable coloring
Distribution: Northern Australia, Africa, South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They fly mainly in the early evening and are attracted to artificial lights. Their larvae feed on various grasses, including rice.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Gull
Common name: Common Gull
Scientific name: Cepora nerissa
Tamil name: மஞ்சாடை
Description: A white butterfly with black veins and markings on the wing edges. The hindwings have small dark spots, and the underside is yellowish with a bright yellow spot.
Distribution: Native to Asia
Behaviour: They have fast flights, bask in open areas, and mud-puddles for nutrients.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Malabar Raven
Common name: Malabar Raven
Scientific name: Papilio dravidarum
Tamil name: பொதிகை கருப்பன்
Description: This butterfly is blackish-brown with white spots on the forewings and arrow-shaped white spots on the hindwings. The outer halves of the wings have a dusting of yellowish-brown scales.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats .
Behaviour: It has a rapid flight, prefers shady patches, and engages in mud-puddling.
More Info: Wikipedia
Chestnut-streaked Sailer
Common name: Chestnut-streaked Sailer
Scientific name: Neptis jumbah
Tamil name: வெண்கருப்பு கப்பலோட்டி
Description: It is a medium-sized butterfly with a black upper side and white markings that have a bluish-green tint.
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: It feeds on flower nectar and helps in pollination.
More Info: Wikipedia
Indian Sunbeam
Common name: Indian Sunbeam
Scientific name: Curetis thetis
Tamil name: கதிரவன்
Description: A small butterfly with a shiny, dark reddish-brown upper side. The forewings have a black border that is wider at the tip, while the hindwings have a thin black edge.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These butterflies settle on the forest floor to absorb minerals from moisture. They have a slow, graceful flight and often bask in sunlight.
More Info: Wikipedia
Tailed Jay
Common name: Tailed Jay
Scientific name: Graphium agamemnon
Tamil name: மரகத அழகி
Description: This butterfly has black wings with green markings. The underside is brown with pink shading and red-margined spots.
Distribution: Nepal, India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: Also called the Green Triangle, they are active, fast-flying butterflies that nectar at flowering bushes.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Common Myna
Common name: Common Myna
Scientific name: Acridotheres tristis
Tamil name: மைனா
Description: These birds have a brown body, a black hooded head, and a bare yellow patch behind the eye. Their bill and legs are bright yellow, with white patches on the wings.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, Oceania, North America.
Behaviour: They are social, omnivorous, and opportunistic feeders that often use nests built by other birds.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Robin
Common name: Indian Robin
Scientific name: Copsychus fulicatus
Tamil name: கருஞ்சிட்டு
Description: The male is mainly black with a white shoulder patch that varies in visibility and chestnut undertail coverts. The female is brownish above, lacks the white stripe, and is greyish below.
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: These non - migratory birds are diurnal and prefer open habitats, often seen running along the ground.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Four Ring
Common name: Common Four Ring
Scientific name: Ypthima huebneri
Tamil name: நான்கு வட்டன்
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with a greyish-brown upper side, featuring a large yellow-ringed black spot on the forewing and smaller spots on the hindwing. The underside is paler with fine brown streaks.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: It flies low among vegetation in open grassy areas, often sunbathing, and exhibits an erratic flight.
More Info: Wikipedia
Quaker
Common name: Quaker
Scientific name: Neopithecops zalmora
Tamil name: குவாக்கர்
Description: A small butterfly with a dark purplish brown upperside, slightly paler in females. The underside is white, marked with fine brown streaks, black spots, and faint lunules.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: It feeds on nectar, mud puddles on moist ground, and is often seen flying along shady trails.
More Info: Wikipedia
Greater Coucal
Common name: Greater Coucal
Scientific name: Centropus sinensis
Tamil name: செண்பகம்
Description: This bird has a black head, upper mantle, and underside with a purplish gloss.
Distribution: Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Primarily insectivorous, they are often seen sunbathing and are known for their deep, booming calls.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More info: IUCN
Common Iora
Common name: Common Iora
Scientific name: Aegithina tiphia
Tamil name: மாம்பழச் சிட்டு
Description: Males are black with yellow undersides and white wing bars; females are greenish with yellow undersides.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They forage for insects, often in mixed-species flocks, and perform acrobatic courtship displays.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Yellow-billed Babbler
Common name: Yellow-billed Babbler
Scientific name: Argya affinis
Tamil name: தவிட்டு குருவி
Description: A brownish-grey bird with a pale belly, bluish-white eyes, and a yellow bill. The tail has a broad dark tip.
Distribution: South India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: They live in noisy groups with one bird acting as a lookout while the others forage for insects, fruit, nectar, and scraps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Baya Weaver
Common name: Baya Weaver
Scientific name: Ploceus philippinus
Tamil name: தூக்கணாங்குருவி
Description: This sparrow-sized bird has a stout bill, short tail, bright yellow crown, and a dark brown mask.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social and active, male baya weavers weave complex hanging nests to attract females. They have an omnivorous diet, feeding on seeds, insects, and small animals.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Hare
Common name: Indian Hare
Scientific name: Lepus nigricollis
Tamil name: முயல்
Description: A medium-sized hare with brown and black fur, a black patch around the neck, white underparts, and long ears to regulate body heat.
Distribution: South Asia
Behaviour: Indian hares are solitary and crepuscular, capable of sprinting up to 80 km/h when threatened.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Plain Tiger
Common name: Plain Tiger
Scientific name: Danaus chrysippus
Tamil name: புலி
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with bright orange wings, bordered with black and white spots. Males have scent glands on their hindwings.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania.
Behaviour: It is active during the day, feeds on flower nectar, and glides gracefully while flying.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Painted Lady
Common name: Painted Lady
Scientific name: Vanessa cardui
Tamil name: ஓவிய அழகி
Description: The upper side is reddish-ochre with black markings and white spots. The hindwing has a black patch, wavy lines, and five eye-like spots. The underside is paler with marbled patterns and clear eye spots.
Distribution: Every continent except Antarctica and South America.
Behaviour: These butterflies use flight and camouflage for defense, swiftly moving between flowers and briefly feeding on nectar.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Danaid eggfly
Common name: Danaid eggfly
Scientific name: Hypolimnas misippus
Tamil name: பசலைச் சிறகன்
Description: This butterfly is tawny-orange with black and white markings. Males have a broad white spot on the forewing and a white-banded hindwing. Females vary in form, some with white or tawny hindwings and black borders.
Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia, and America.
Behaviour: Males bask on the ground, while females flit about open areas. It is known for mimicking the toxic Plain Tiger butterfly.
More Info: IUCN
Loten's Sunbird
Common name: Loten's Sunbird
Scientific name: Cinnyris lotenius
Tamil name: பெரிய தேன்சிட்டு
Description: These birds are small with long, curved bills. Males are glossy purple with a maroon breast and have yellow-crimson pectoral tufts.
Distribution: Endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: These birds actively feed on nectar, flit between flowers, and show aggressive territorial behavior.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Blyth's Reed Warbler
Common name: Blyth's Reed Warbler
Scientific name: Acrocephalus dumetorum
Tamil name: வேலி கதிர்க்குருவி
Description: This slim warbler has plain olive-brown upperparts, short wings, and a long, thick bill. It has a short whitish stripe above the eye, a dusky eye stripe, and off-white underparts.
Distribution: Europe and Asia
Behaviour: Best identified by its slow, repetitive song and mimicry, this migratory bird is mostly terrestrial but also arboreal.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
House Sparrow
Common name: House Sparrow
Scientific name: Passer domesticus
Tamil name: சிட்டுக்குருவி
Description: A small brown and grey bird. Males have a black throat and reddish-brown back; females have a pale eyebrow stripe
Distribution: Europe, Asia and North Africa.
Behaviour: A social bird that feeds on seeds but adapts to available food. It hops on the ground instead of walking.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Grey Francolin
Common name: Grey Francolin
Scientific name: Francolinus pondicerianus
Tamil name: கௌதாரி
Description: A medium-sized bird with brown and grey barred feathers, a pale face, and a thin black throat border. Males may have spurs on their legs, while females usually don’t.
Distribution: Asia, North America, and Oceania.
Behaviour: It is a ground-dwelling bird that prefers running over flying, with loud calls commonly heard early in the mornings.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Woodshrike
Common name: Common Woodshrike
Scientific name: Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Tamil name: காட்டுக்கீச்சான்
Description: A small, ashy-brown bird with a large head and strong hooked beak. It has a dark cheek patch, broad white brow, and white outer tail feathers.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Known for their loud whistles, they feed mainly on insects and weave cup-shaped nests from bark and webs.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Angled Castor
Common name: Angled Castor
Scientific name: Ariadne ariadne
Tamil name: வரி ஆமணக்கு சிறகன்
Description: This orange-brown butterfly has wavy lines, a white spot near the forewing tip, and scalloped hindwing edges. Its underside is a darker shade of brown.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia
Behaviour: This butterfly has a nervous yet graceful flight, weaving through bushes and low tree foliage. It rarely rests for long and visits flowers for nectar.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Orange-headed Thrush
Common name: Orange-headed Thrush
Scientific name: Geokichla citrina
Tamil name: வரிமுகப் பூங்குருவி
Description: The adult male has an orange head and underparts, grey upperparts and wings, and white under tail coverts.
Distribution: Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: A shy, secretive bird with a swift flight. When disturbed, it remains motionless until the threat passes.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
White-bellied Blue Flycatcher
Common name: White-bellied Blue Flycatcher
Scientific name: Cyornis pallidipes
Tamil name: வெண்வயிற்று நீல ஈப்பிடிப்பான்
Description: The male is deep blue with a bright blue stripe above the eye and a white belly. The female is brown with a reddish throat and chest, a white belly, and a chestnut-coloured tail.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats
Behaviour: This bird is quiet and often inactive, sometimes joining mixed-species flocks. It catches insects with quick aerial dives.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Blue-throated Flycatcher
Common name: Blue-throated Flycatcher
Scientific name: Cyornis rubeculoides
Tamil name: நீலத்தொண்டை ஈப்பிடிப்பான்
Description: Males have a blue throat, orange chest, and white belly. Females are olive above with a pale orange chest and white belly.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Known for its rambling song, this insectivorous bird actively forages for prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Great Orange Tip
Common name: Great Orange Tip
Scientific name: Hebomoia glaucippe
Tamil name: பெருஞ்சிறகான்
Description: Males are creamy white with black edges and an orange-red patch on the forewings. Females look similar, with a greenish tint and bolder markings.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: This butterfly's wings contain a toxin that helps deter predators. Males rest on the ground, camouflaged by their pale, leaf-like underside.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Grizzled Giant Squirrel
Common name: Grizzled Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa macroura
Tamil name: பழுப்பு மலை அணில்
Description: A large tree squirrel with grey-brown fur, a long bushy tail, and strong limbs perfect for climbing and jumping between branches.
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: It lives in trees, leaping between branches and building large nests that it fiercely defends, and feeds on fruits, seeds, and leaves.
IUCN category: Near Threatened
More Info: IUCN
Black – hooded Oriole
Common name: Black – hooded Oriole
Scientific name: Oriolus xanthornus
Tamil name: கருந்தலை மாங்குயில்
Description: The male has bright yellow plumage with a black hood, wings, and tail centre. The female is duller in color, with a black hood and greenish underparts.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These are shy, diurnal birds with an omnivorous diet, feeding on insects and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Brown-Headed Barbet
Common name: Brown-headed Barbet
Scientific name: Psilopogon zeylanicus
Tamil name: பழுப்பு-தலை-குக்குறுவான்
Description: This barbet has a streaked brown head, neck, and breast with a yellow eye patch, while the rest of the plumage is green.
Distribution: India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: An arboreal bird found in gardens and wooded areas, feeding on insects and fruits, and nesting in tree holes.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Jungle Owlet
Common name: Jungle Owlet
Scientific name: Glaucidium radiatum
Tamil name: காட்டு ஆந்தை
Description: A small, rounded owlet with yellow eyes, and a greenish bill and legs. Its upper parts are dark brown with white bars, while the underparts are pale with black barring.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: They freeze to resemble a tree stump when disturbed and are sometimes seen basking in the morning sun.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Silver Royal
Common name: Silver Royal
Scientific name: Ancema blanka
Tamil name: வெள்ளி அரசன்
Description: A small, graceful butterfly with shimmering silver-blue wings. Males are typically brighter, while females have darker edges and more subtle markings.
Distribution: South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They are swift fliers, often seen basking on treetops and rocks, particularly on hilltops.
More Info: Wikipedia
Red Pierrot
Common name: Red Pierrot
Scientific name: Talicada nyseus
Tamil name: சிவப்பு நீலன்
Description: This butterfly has a black upperside with an orange patch on the hindwing. The underside is white, with black spots on the forewing and an orange-bordered hindwing with white spots.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: A weak flier that prefers shade and undergrowth, this butterfly occasionally mud-puddles and visits flowers for nectar.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Blue Pansy
Common name: Blue Pansy
Scientific name: Junonia orithya
Tamil name: நீல வசீகரன்
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with black forewings and blue-shaded hindwings. The underside is brown with ochre-orange bands and distinct eyespots.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Behaviour: They are swift fliers, often flying short distances and basking with wings outspread. They feed on nectar from a variety of wild and cultivated flowers.
More Info: IUCN
Great Tit
Common name: Great Tit
Scientific name: Parus major
Tamil name: பெரிய பட்டாணிக் குருவி
Description: A robust bird with a black crown and bib, yellow underparts with a central black stripe, olive-green back, and bluish-grey wings marked with white.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Behaviour: They are mostly non-migratory, highly vocal, and have an omnivorous diet.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Yellow - browed Bulbul
Common name: Yellow - browed Bulbul
Scientific name: Acritillas indica
Tamil name: மஞ்சள் சின்னான்
Description: This bulbul has olive-green upperparts, bright yellow underparts, a distinct yellow brow, a black bill, and reddish-brown eyes.
Distribution: South India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: These social birds are known for their loud calls and mainly feed on berries and insects.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater
Common name: Chestnut-headed Bee-eater
Scientific name: Merops leschenaultia
Tamil name: செந்தலை பஞ்சுருட்டான்
Description: A slender, colourful bird with a green body, yellow throat, and blue rump. It has a chestnut head, black eye stripe, and a curved black bill.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: These social birds nest in small colonies and primarily feed on bees and other insects.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Oriental Magpie - Robin
Common name: Oriental Magpie-Robin
Scientific name: Copsychus saularis
Tamil name: குண்டுக்கரிச்சான்
Description: Males have black upperparts and a white shoulder patch, while females have greyish-black upperparts and greyish-white underparts.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These insectivores are highly territorial and are often seen bathing in rainwater on leaves.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Jungle Cat
Common name: Jungle Cat
Scientific name: Felis chaus
Tamil name: காட்டுப் பூனை
Description: A medium-sized cat with a long, narrow face, pointed ears, yellow eyes, dark facial markings, a uniform sandy or reddish-brown coat, and a black-tipped tail.
Distribution: Asia and Africa.
Behaviour: It is a partially omnivorous hunter, active during the day, and is also an agile climber and a strong swimmer.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Common name: Rose-ringed Parakeet
Scientific name: Psittacula krameri
Tamil name: பச்சைக்கிளி
Description: These vibrant green parrots have long, pointed tails and bright red beaks. Males have a red and black neck ring, while females and juveniles may have a faint or no ring.
Distribution: Africa, Asia and North America.
Behaviour: Rose-ringed parakeets are social, diurnal herbivores. They are non-migratory and can mimic human speech.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Purple Sunbird
Common name: Purple Sunbird
Scientific name: Cinnyris asiaticus
Tamil name: ஊதா தேன்சிட்டு
Description: A tiny bird with a curved bill and tubular tongue for sipping nectar. Males are maroon above with a shiny blue-green crown and green shoulder patch.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
Behaviour: Active during the day, they feed mainly on nectar but also take insects, especially when feeding young.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Common name: Red-whiskered Bulbul
Scientific name: Pycnonotus jocosus
Tamil name: செம்மீசை சின்னான்
Description: A medium-sized songbird with brown upperparts, whitish underparts, and bright red cheek patches. It also has a prominent black crest on its head.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Active during the day, these birds feed mainly on fruits and insects and are known for their loud, melodious calls.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Spotted Chevrotain
Common name: Indian Spotted Chevrotain
Scientific name: Moschiola indica
Tamil name: சருகுமான்
Description: A small, delicate animal with dark brown fur adorned with white spots along its back and white underparts. Males possess small, tusk-like upper canines.
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: Nocturnal and solitary, these shy animals avoid open areas and flee at signs of danger.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Red Giant Flying Squirrel
Common name: Red Giant Flying Squirrel
Scientific name: Petaurista petaurista
Tamil name: பெரும் பறக்கும் அணில்
Description: A large reddish-brown squirrel with black markings on its face, feet, and tail tip. It has a special skin flap between its legs that helps it glide between trees.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: Solitary and nocturnal, they live in the forest canopy and glide between trees to forage for food.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Paradise-flycatcher
Common name: Indian Paradise-flycatcher
Scientific name: Terpsiphone paradisi
Tamil name: வேதிவால் குருவி
Description: These birds have glossy black heads and bills; males have long tails and can be rufous or white, while females are short-tailed with rufous wings.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: These insectivores are often seen alone or in pairs, catching insects’ mid-air or from foliage.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Crested Porcupine
Common name: Indian Crested Porcupine
Scientific name: Hystrix indica
Tamil name: முள்ளம்பன்றி
Description: It is a large rodent with black-and-white banded quills. It has a ring of long quills around its shoulders, which serve as a defense mechanism.
Distribution: Asia and Middle East.
Behaviour: It is nocturnal and resides in caves or burrows. It has limited climbing and jumping abilities.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Rufous Treepie
Common name: Rufous Treepie
Scientific name: Dendrocitta vagabunda
Tamil name: வால் காக்கை
Description: This bird has a cinnamon coloured body, a black head, and a long bluish-grey tail tipped in black. It has a stout, hooked bill, a white wing patch, and black legs and feet.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These are arboreal and diurnal birds that sometimes act as ectoparasites of sambar deer.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Golden Oriole
Common name: Indian Golden Oriole
Scientific name: Oriolus kundoo
Tamil name: மாங்குயில்
Description: This bird has a bright yellow body with black wings and tail, yellow tail markings, a red beak, and a black eye stripe.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Central Asia.
Behaviour: This partial migrant lives mostly in trees, with Indian populations largely resident and others migratory.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Besra
Common name: Besra
Scientific name: Accipiter virgatus
Tamil name: சிங்கக வல்லூறு
Description: This bird has dark upperparts, a barred underwing, and long, thin legs. Males are blue-grey with a reddish-brown underside, while females are browner.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: This carnivore hunts by surprise from a hidden perch and is known to build a new nest each year.
IUCN category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Velvet - fronted Nuthatch
Common name: Velvet - fronted Nuthatch
Scientific name: Sitta frontalis
Tamil name: பசையெடுப்பான் குருவி
Description: This bird has a violet-blue back, beige underparts, a whitish throat, and lavender cheeks.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: This noisy bird spends most of its time in trees, usually hunting and feeding alone. It often forages by moving headfirst down tree trunks.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Hoopoe
Common name: Common Hoopoe
Scientific name: Upupa epops
Tamil name: கொண்டலாத்தி
Description: A cinnamon-coloured bird with black and white wings, a tall, fan-like crest, a bold white band on its black tail, and a long, slender, downcurved bill.
Distribution: Asia, Europe and Africa.
Behaviour: These birds are solitary foragers, known for their unique sunbathing posture, and territorial nature.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Jezebel
Common name: Common Jezebel
Scientific name: Delias eucharis
Tamil name: இச்சைமஞ்சள் அழகி
Description: It is a brightly patterned butterfly with red, yellow, black, and white markings. The male has a white upper side with black veins and a pinkish hue from the underside, while the female has broader black markings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: It is nomadic, with females seeking food plants and males feeding on nectar. Its bright colours signal unpalatability to predators.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Common Rose
Common name: Common Rose
Scientific name: Pachliopta aristolochiae
Tamil name: ரோஜா வண்ணத்தி
Description: A striking swallowtail butterfly with velvety black wings, marked with white streaks and crimson-red spots.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These brightly colored butterflies are active during the day and often seen in gardens and forests. Their colors warn predators of their unpalatable taste.
More Info: IUCN
Common Emigrant
Common name: Common Emigrant
Scientific name: Catopsilia pomona
Tamil name: கொள்ளை வெள்ளையன்
Description: This is a pale yellow or white butterfly with black markings on the forewings. Males have black-tipped antennae, while females show more prominent black and yellow patterns.
Distribution: Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: Known for their strong migratory behaviour, they are often found on riverbanks, drinking minerals and salt-rich moisture.
More Info: Wikipedia
Tamil Yeoman
Common name: Tamil Yeoman
Scientific name: Cirrochroa thais
Tamil name: தமிழ் மறவன்
Description: An orange-brown butterfly with wavy black lines on the forewings and black-spotted hindwings. The underside is paler, with shades of brown and grey. It is recognized as Tamil Nadu’s state butterfly.
Distribution: India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: It glides gracefully in groups across hilly forests, feeding on tree sap and fruits. Females lay eggs stacked like tiny towers.
More Info: Wikipedia
Lemon Pansy
Common name: Lemon Pansy
Scientific name: Junonia lemonias
Tamil name: எலுமிச்சை வசீகரன்
Description: This brown butterfly has distinct eyespots and black and yellow markings on the upperside. The underside is a dull brown with wavy lines and spots.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: It is an active flier that basks in the sun with open wings and feeds on plant nectar.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Green Vine Snake
Common name: Green Vine Snake
Scientific name: Ahaetulla nasuta
Tamil name: பச்சைப்பாம்பு
Description: Also called the long-nosed whip snake, it has a slender body, pointed snout, and is usually bright green or pale brown with black-and-white skin between the scales.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These solitary hunters use a "sit and wait" strategy, striking with rear fangs to immobilize prey before swallowing it whole.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Hump – nosed Pit Viper
Common name: Hump – nosed Pit Viper
Scientific name: Hypnale hypnale
Tamil name: திமில்மூக்குக் குழிவிரியன்
Description: This venomous snake has a thick body, wide head, and upturned snout.
Distribution: Native to South Asia.
Behaviour: Masters of camouflage, these carnivores feed on reptile eggs.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Pangolin
Common name: Indian Pangolin
Scientific name: Manis crassicaudata
Tamil name: அழுங்கு
Description: It has a cone-shaped head, small dark eyes, and a long muzzle with a nose pad matching its pinkish-brown skin. It has strong limbs with sharp claws but no teeth.
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: It is a nocturnal, insectivorous mammal with strong claws for digging and keratinized protective scales.
IUCN category: Endangered.
More Info: IUCN
White-throated Kingfisher
Common name: White-throated Kingfisher
Scientific name: Halcyon smyrnensis
Tamil name: வெண்மார்பு மீன்கொத்தி
Description: A striking bird with a bright blue back, chestnut head and belly, and a white throat and breast. It has a large red bill and legs.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Western Asia.
Behaviour: Hunts fish, insects, and small reptiles; perches prominently before diving to catch prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Oriental Honey - buzzard
Common name: Oriental Honey - buzzard
Scientific name: Pernis ptilorhynchus
Tamil name: தேன் பருந்து
Description: A medium bird with a long neck, small head, and short crest. Brown above with a dark throat stripe. Males have blue-grey heads; females have brown heads.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: These birds are carnivores known for raiding bee and wasp nests, feeding mainly on their larvae extracted from honeycombs.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Crested Hawk-eagle
Common name: Crested Hawk-eagle
Scientific name: Nisaetus cirrhatus
Tamil name: குடுமிப் பருந்து
Description: Also called Changeable hawk-eagles, they have yellow eyes, a strong bill, dark brown upperparts, streaked underparts, a crest, short wings, and a barred tail.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: An agile forest predator with long, powerful legs for swift movement and sharp hunting skills.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Jungle Babbler
Common name: Jungle Babbler
Scientific name: Argya striata
Tamil name: காட்டுச் சிலம்பன்
Description: Jungle babblers are brownish-grey with a yellow bill. They have a mottled throat and breast, and the tail is slightly rufous in some populations..
Distribution: South Asia.
Behaviour: They are known for their distinctive calls and for mobbing potential predators like snakes. They also act as sentinels when foraging.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Striped Tiger
Common name: Striped Tiger
Scientific name: Danaus genutia
Tamil name: வரி புலி
Description: Also called the common tiger, this butterfly has tawny wings with black-veined patterns and black margins with two rows of white spots.
Distribution: Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: The butterfly feeds on nectar, basks in the sun, and lays eggs on host plants.
More Info: Wikipedia
Black Drongo
Common name: Black Drongo
Scientific name: Dicrurus macrocercus
Tamil name: கருங்கரிச்சான்
Description: A glossy black bird with a deep forked tail and strong wings. It sits upright on wires or branches and is known for its agility in flight.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Bold and aggressive; often chases away larger birds. Feeds on insects and small prey.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Peafowl
Common name: Indian Peafowl
Scientific name: Pavo cristatus
Tamil name: மயில்
Description: It is India’s national bird, with shiny blue-green feathers. Males have long tails with eye-like spots to attract females.
Distribution: Native to South Asia and introduced to Australia, the Bahamas, New Zealand, and the USA.
Behaviour: Males fan their tails to attract females and eat seeds, insects, and small reptiles.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Wild Boar
Common name: Wild Boar
Scientific name: Sus scrofa
Tamil name: காட்டு பன்றி
Description: A large, muscular animal with a large head, short legs, and a coarse bristly coat. Males have prominent tusks for defense.
Distribution: Native to Eurasia and North Africa.
Behaviour: Active at night and lives in family groups called "sounders." They dig for food like roots, insects, and small animals.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Deer
Common name: Spotted Deer
Scientific name: Axis axis
Tamil name: புள்ளி மான்
Description: Also called Chital, this graceful deer has a golden-brown coat with white spots, long legs, and males have branched antlers.
Distribution: South Asia and introduced to Argentina and Armenia.
Behaviour: They are diurnal and social animals, living in herds and feeding on grass, leaves, and fruits.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Lion-tailed Macaque
Common name: Lion-tailed Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca silenus
Tamil name: சிங்கவால் குரங்கு
Description: A unique primate with a black body, silver-white mane, and a tufted tail. It has dark eyes and an agile build.
Distribution: Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Arboreal and shy, these macaques live in small groups, communicating through vocalizations and body language.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Bonnet Macaque
Common name: Bonnet Macaque
Scientific name: Macaca radiata
Tamil name: குரங்கு
Description: Bonnet macaques have a swirl of hair on their heads, giving a bonnet-like look. They have greyish to golden-brown fur and pink, hairless faces.
Distribution: South India.
Behaviour: They are social primates that live in groups, groom to bond, and use grinning and clicking to show affection.
IUCN category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Nawab
Common name: Common Nawab
Scientific name: Polyura athamas
Tamil name: நவாப்
Description: Distinctive twin-tailed hindwings, dark brown upper sides with creamy white bands, and pale green undersides, with some species having almost entirely white undersides.
Distribution: Asia, from India to Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: A fast-flying canopy butterfly that often basks on treetops. Males are more frequently seen drinking mineral-rich moisture, while females remain hidden in the forest canopy.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Common Kestrel
Common name: Common Kestrel
Scientific name: Falco tinnunculus
Tamil name: சிவப்பு வல்லூறு
Description: These small birds have chestnut plumage, yellow feet, and blackish spots. Males have blue-grey caps and tails, while females have barred brown tails.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Behaviour: They have sharp eyesight and hunt alone by hovering and diving. Their lifespan ranges from 15 to 18 years.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Red-vented Bulbul
Common name: Red-vented Bulbul
Scientific name: Pycnonotus cafer
Tamil name: சின்னான்
Description: A medium-sized bird with a dark brown body, black head, red vent, and a white-tipped black tail.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Active during the day, they are social and vocal, feeding on fruits, seeds, and insects.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Shikra
Common name: Shikra
Scientific name: Accipiter badius
Tamil name: வல்லூறு
Description: A small raptor with short, rounded wings and a long tail. Adults have grey upperparts and whitish underparts with fine rufous bars.
Distribution: Asia and Africa.
Behaviour: These carnivores are solitary nesters that hunt alone during the day, using ambush and pursuit tactics to catch prey.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Grey Mongoose
Common name: Indian Grey Mongoose
Scientific name: Herpestes edwardsii
Tamil name: கீரி
Description: This small carnivore, the state animal of Chandigarh, has tawny grey fur, a bushy tail, brown legs, and reddish fur around the muzzle and eyes.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and West Asia.
Behaviour: Solitary and diurnal, they hunt in the morning and evening, are skilled in fighting snakes, and rest in burrows or hollow trees.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Yellow Pansy
Common name: Yellow Pansy
Scientific name: Junonia hierta
Tamil name: மஞ்சள் வசீகரன்
Description: The male is bright yellow with black markings, a blue hindwing spot, and barred pale yellow underside. The female is duller with extra eye-spots and more distinct underside markings.
Distribution: Africa and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: This nectar lover is diurnal, often seen gliding and perching on bare ground.
More Info: Wikipedia
Cabbage Butterfly
Common name: Cabbage Butterfly
Scientific name: Pieris rapae
Tamil name: கொக்கி குறி வெள்ளையன்
Description: This butterfly has creamy white wings with black tips on the forewings. Females have two black spots in the centre of the forewings.
Distribution: Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
Behaviour: The caterpillar of this butterfly is a voracious eater, starting with its own eggshell before feeding on host plant leaves. The cabbage butterfly is attracted to purple, blue, and yellow flowers.
More Info: Wikipedia
Lime Butterfly
Common name: Lime Butterfly
Scientific name: Papilio demoleus
Tamil name: எலுமிச்சை அழகி
Description: This butterfly has black wings with bold yellow patterns and many irregular spots. A red spot with a blue edge is seen on the hindwing. The underside is lighter with cream-colored markings and small blue and orange spots.
Distribution: Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: Their name comes from their host plants, primarily citrus species. They have a very short adult lifespan, with males living only four days and females about a week.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Glassy Tiger
Common name: Glassy Tiger
Scientific name: Parantica aglea
Tamil name: கண்ணாடிப்புலி
Description: A striking Indian butterfly with dark brownish-black wings featuring numerous transparent bluish-white spots and streaks.
Distribution: Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Glassy Tiger butterflies are moderately fast, casual fliers. They are sun-loving and often seen basking.
More Info: Wikipedia
White - cheeked Barbet
Common name: White - cheeked Barbet
Scientific name: Psilopogon viridis
Tamil name: வெண் கன்ன குக்குறுவான்
Description: This bird has a white cheek stripe, a brownish head streaked with white, and a pale pink bill. Its body is mostly green.
Distribution: Southern India.
Behaviour: They are tree-dwelling, rarely on the ground, and mostly get water from fruits. They aid in seed dispersal within forests.
IUCN Category: Least concern
More info: IUCN
Pied Bush Chat
Common name: Pied Bushchat
Scientific name: Saxicola caprata
Tamil name: கல்லுக்குருவி
Description: Males have black plumage with white patches on the rump, wings, and lower belly, while females are brown and streaked.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Known for its upright stance, this insect-eating species hunts from a visible low perch.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Great Indian Hornbill
Common name: Great Indian Hornbill
Scientific name: Buceros bicornis
Tamil name: மலை இருவாச்சி
Description: Kerala’s state bird has a yellow and black casque. Males have black markings, while females are smaller with bluish-white eyes and a reddish casque back.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Social, loud birds, mostly herbivorous but occasionally eat small animals. They catch prey, toss it in the air, and swallow it.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Black Eagle
Common name: Black Eagle
Scientific name: Ictinaetus malaiensis
Tamil name: கருங்கழுகு
Description: A large bird of prey with black plumage, a yellow bill base, and feet. It has long wings and a faintly barred tail.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Black eagles are carnivorous and prolific nest predators, known for their slow flight over the canopy. Their curved claws and wide gape help them snatch bird eggs from nests.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Parakeet
Common name: Malabar Parakeet
Scientific name: Psittacula columboides
Tamil name: நீலப் பைங்கிளி
Description:The blue-winged parakeet has a grey body, blue wings, and a yellow tail. Males have a red bill; females, black. Both have a black neck ring.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Terrestrial and nomadic, they nest in tree holes. Chicks are sometimes trapped for trade.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Chocolate Pansy
Common name: Chocolate Pansy
Scientific name: Junonia iphita
Tamil name: சாக்லேட் வசீகரன்
Description: A medium-sized brown butterfly with dark markings, wavy bands on the forewings, and eye-like spots on the hindwings. Females have white markings on the underside of the hindwing.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: Known for its territorial nature, it often basks in the sun with open wings and exhibits seasonal variations in wing patterns.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Flameback
Common name: Common Flameback
Scientific name: Dinopium javanense
Tamil name: பொன்முதுகு மரங்கொத்தி
Description: A striking woodpecker with golden-yellow plumage, a vibrant red crest, and a loud, rhythmic drumming call.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Expert climber that pecks into tree bark to find insects; known for its strong territorial calls.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Emerald Dove
Common name: Common Emerald Dove
Scientific name: Chalcophaps indica
Tamil name: பஞ்சவர்ணப்புறா
Description: Tamil Nadu's state bird, the emerald dove, is a small pigeon with green wings and a pinkish head and chest. It has black-and-white bars on its back and grey on its belly.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They are ground-dwellers, feeding on fallen fruit, rarely climbing trees except to roost. They are generally tame and approachable.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher
Common name: Grey-headed Canary- flycatcher
Scientific name: Culicicapa ceylonensis
Tamil name: சாம்பல் தலை ஈப்பிடிப்பான்
Description: A lively little bird with a soft grey head and a bright yellow belly, yellowish-green upperparts, and a distinctively flat bill.
Distribution: Native to India, China, and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: It catches insects mid-air from low perches with quick movements. It builds nests on tree trunks or rocky ledges.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Laughingthrush
Common name: Nilgiri Laughingthrush
Scientific name: Montecincla cachinnans
Tamil name: நீலகிரி சிரிப்பான்
Description: This medium-sized songbird has a brownish-grey body and a distinct black mask around its eyes. It also has prominent white eyebrows and an olive brown tail.
Distribution: Endemic to southern India.
Behaviour: Highly vocal, they crush insects before eating. Adults destroy the nest after fledging or predation.
IUCN Category: Near Threatened
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Common name: Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
Scientific name: Columba elphinstonii
Tamil name: நீலகிரி காட்டுப்புறா
Description: This pigeon has dark grey feathers, a black-and-white patterned neck, and a chestnut mantle, with red feet and bill base.
Distribution: South India.
Behaviour: They mainly feed on fruits, have a deep, langur-like hoot, and aid in seed dispersal.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Marten
Common name: Nilgiri Marten
Scientific name: Martes gwatkinsii
Tamil name: கரும்வெருகு
Description: A medium-sized carnivore with a sleek brown body, long tail, and a golden or orange throat patch. It is known for its sharp claws and long tail.
Distribution: Western Ghats.
Behaviour: Diurnal and arboreal, these martens descend only to hunt. Social and communicative, they eat fruits and insects.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Spotted Dove
Common name: Spotted Dove
Scientific name: Spilopelia chinensis
Tamil name: புள்ளிப்புறா
Description: This is the spotted dove. It has a rosy-buff underside, grey head, and a black-and-white spotted collar around its neck.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Often seen in pairs or small groups, it searches the ground for seeds, its soft cooing bringing a calm presence.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Oriental White-eye
Common name: Oriental White-eye
Scientific name: Zosterops palpebrosus
Tamil name: வெள்ளைக்கண்ணி
Description: It is a small bird with yellow-olive upperparts, a white eye-ring, and a yellow throat, giving it a charming look.
Distribution: Asia
Behaviour: Active and social, it forages in flocks for insects, nectar, and fruit, builds cup-shaped nests, and helps drive away predators.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Black and Orange Flycatcher
Common name: Black and Orange Flycatcher
Scientific name: Ficedula nigrorufa
Tamil name: கருப்பு ஆரஞ்சு ஈப்பிடிப்பான்
Description: Males have a black head and wings, while females are brown with a light eye-ring. Young birds are brownish-orange with a pale eye-ring and bluish wings.
Distribution: Western Ghats.
Behaviour: A skilled insect hunter, it catches insects by flying low or picking them from the ground.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Common Sailor
Common name: Common Sailor
Scientific name: Neptis hylas
Tamil name: கப்பலோட்டி
Description: A black butterfly with bold white patterns on its wings. Its forewings have club-shaped streaks and spots, while the hindwings have a broad white band.
Distribution: Indian and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Despite its delicate look, it glides effortlessly through the air with minimal wing movement, making its flight appear calm and controlled.
More Info: Wikipedia
Blue Moon
Common name: Blue Moon
Scientific name: Hypolimnas bolina
Tamil name: பெரிய பசலை சிறகன்
Description: Also called the great eggfly, it has dark wings with shimmering blue spots. Males have black wings with white spots and blue-violet edges, while females have different colors and patterns.
Distribution: Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.
Behaviour: Males are highly territorial and guard their spot for weeks, while females prefer gliding low to the ground.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Mormon
Common name: Common Mormon
Scientific name: Papilio polytes
Tamil name: கறிவேப்பிலை அழகன்
Description: Males are black with whitish-yellow spots and tails on the hindwings. Females resemble males but have a red spot on the hindwing or appear darker with additional markings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia
Behaviour: This butterfly is known for the mimicry shown by its various female forms. It is a fast flier and becomes highly active as temperatures rise.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Commander
Common name: Commander
Scientific name: Moduza Procris
Tamil name: தளபதி
Description: Medium-sized butterfly with distinct black and white or pale blue patterns. It has bright reddish-brown wings with a distinctive V-shaped white band.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: This butterfly has a swift flight with rapid wingbeats and smooth glides. A strong flier, its caterpillar uses droppings to deter ants and create a hidden resting spot, aiding in predator evasion.
More Info: Wikipedia
Indian Awlking
Common name: Indian Awlking
Scientific name: Choaspes benjaminii
Tamil name: ராஜ நாமத்தாவி
Description: These medium-sized butterflies have shiny green hindwings with black veins. Males are indigo blue while females are dark green.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: They are highly attracted to flowers and animal droppings, preferring to stay in the shade during the day.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Jay
Common name: Common Jay
Scientific name: Graphium doson
Tamil name: நாட்டு நீல அழகி
Description: It is a black butterfly with pale blue, semi-transparent central wing bands formed by large spots and a marginal series of smaller spots. The underside is brown with similar but whitish markings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Males use a unique "filter-feeding" method to absorb minerals from water, constantly pumping and reabsorbing it to extract nutrients and this species is a strong pollinator.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Blue Mormon
Common name: Blue Mormon
Scientific name: Papilio polymnestor
Tamil name: கருநீல வண்ணன்
Description: A large, striking swallowtail butterfly with velvety black wings and vibrant blue markings. Its elegant flight makes it a captivating sight.
Distribution: Native to India and found in Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: Graceful in flight, it glides through gardens and forests, often seen feeding on nectar from flowering plants.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Grass Yellow
Common name: Common Grass Yellow
Scientific name: Eurema hecabe
Tamil name: புல் மஞ்சள்
Description: A small butterfly with bright yellow wings, distinct black markings, and reddish-brown markings on the underside.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Behaviour: Its bright color and fluttering flight make it easy to spot. Despite its name, its caterpillars thrive in grassy areas but don't feed on grass.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Southern Birdwing
Common name: Southern Birdwing
Scientific name: Troides minos
Tamil name: பொன்னழகன்
Description: Males have broader black markings on the hindwings, while females display cone-shaped markings and a large yellow spot at the wing base. It is Karnataka's state butterfly.
Distribution: Endemic to South India.
Behaviour: India's second largest butterfly; it flies leisurely, covering large distances, and feeds solely on nectar.
IUCN Category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Clouded Yellow
Common name: Nilgiri Clouded Yellow
Scientific name: Colias nilagiriensis
Tamil name: நீலகிரி மேக மஞ்சளாத்தி
Description: Males have deep yellow upper wings with black scaling and borders, and a greenish underside. Females are mostly white with black scaling, darker appearance, and greenish-yellow undersides.
Distribution: Native to Western Ghats.
Behaviour: A small butterfly with rapid flight, it prefers low-growing flowers and exhibits swift movements and selective feeding habits.
More Info: Wikipedia
Common Crow
Common name: Common Crow
Scientific name: Euploea core
Tamil name: வெண்புள்ளிக் கருப்பன்
Description: A glossy black butterfly with brown undersides, white markings on the wings, and white body spots.
Distribution: South Asia and Australia.
Behaviour: A nectar feeder, it has a bitter taste due to plant toxins, making it unappealing to predators.
More Info: IUCN
Blue Bottle
Common name: Blue Bottle
Scientific name: Graphium sarpedon
Tamil name: நெட்டிலி அழகி
Description: A fast-flying butterfly with black upper wings, brown lower wings, and a turquoise-blue streak with red spots on the underwings.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Known for its agility, it uses filter-feeding to absorb water and essential minerals.
More Info: LearnButterflies
Blue Tiger
Common name: Blue Tiger
Scientific name: Tirumala limniace
Tamil name: நீலப்புலி
Description: A medium-sized butterfly with dark brown to black wings decorated with bluish-white, semi-transparent spots. Its elegant, spotted pattern gives it a striking look.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Graceful in flight, it glides through forests and gardens. Its dark wings absorb heat, aiding flight in bright light.
More Info: Wikipedia
Black Bulbul
Common name: Black Bulbul
Scientific name: Hypsipetes leucocephalus
Tamil name: கருப்புச்சின்னான்
Description: A medium-sized songbird with a long tail and varies in colour from slate grey to black. It has a black fluffy crest, orange-red beak, legs, and feet.
Distribution: Himalayas and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Highly social and vocal, they are known for their acrobatic feeding habits.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Black-winged Kite
Common name: Black-winged Kite
Scientific name: Elanus caeruleus
Tamil name: கருந்தோள் பருந்து
Description: A small grey-and-white raptor with piercing red eyes and bold black wing patches. It has long wings and a short, square tail.
Distribution: Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Behaviour: A skilled aerial hunter, it hovers mid-air before swooping down to catch its prey with precision.
IUCN Category: Least Concern.
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Flycatcher
Common name: Nilgiri Flycatcher
Scientific name: Eumyias albicaudatus
Tamil name: நீலகிரி ஈப்பிடிப்பான்
Description: This bird is dark steely indigo-blue, with violet-blue on its forehead, darker shading around the eyes, and white at the base of its outer tail feathers.
Distribution: Endemic to Western Ghats.
Behaviour: An agile insect hunter, it darts from branches to catch prey, its warbling song and soft 'eep' call filling the forest.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Pipit
Common name: Nilgiri Pipit
Scientific name: Anthus nilghiriensis
Tamil name: நீலகிரி நெட்டைக்காலி
Description: A richly brown coloured, with dark streaks on the crown, breast, and flanks. It has a buff throat, and outer tail feathers, with a completely dark bill.
Distribution: Endemic to south India.
Behaviour: Active and terrestrial, they are usually seen alone or in pairs, feeding on grass seeds and insects.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Asian Fairy-bluebird
Common name: Asian Fairy-bluebird
Scientific name: Irena puella
Tamil name: நீலச்சிட்டு
Description: This is a medium-sized arboreal bird. Males are glossy blue with black underparts, while females and juveniles are dull blue-green. It has crimson eyes, black flight feathers, and a pinkish eyelid.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Mostly found in pairs or small groups, they are considered to be frugivorous.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Mountain Imperial Pigeon
Common name: Mountain Imperial Pigeon
Scientific name: Ducula badia
Tamil name: மலை அரசுப்புறா
Description: A large bird with a grey head, white throat, maroon upperparts, broad wings, and a deep call.
Distribution: Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: A canopy dweller, usually solitary but sometimes seen in flocks when roosting or moving in the mountains. It is non-migratory.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Grey Hornbill
Common name: Malabar Grey Hornbill
Scientific name: Ocyceros griseus
Tamil name: மலபார் இருவாயன்
Description: The smallest Asian hornbill, it has grey plumage, a cinnamon vent, and a black tail with a white tip. Males have a reddish bill, females a yellow one.
Distribution: Endemic to south India.
Behaviour: This hornbill eats fruit and helps spread seeds. The female seals herself in a tree while the male feeds her and the chicks.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Grey Jungle Fowl
Common name: Grey Jungle Fowl
Scientific name: Gallus sonneratii
Tamil name: காட்டுக்கோழி
Description: The male has a black cape with ochre spots, red legs, and yellow-tipped neck feathers. The female is duller, with streaked underparts and yellow legs.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: These diurnal birds are highly vocal and omnivorous, often foraging in small groups and roosting in trees at night.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Barbet
Common name: Malabar Barbet
Scientific name: Psilopogon malabaricus
Tamil name: செந்நெற்றி குக்குறுவான்
Description: This is a chunky green bird with a red face, throat, and breast, accented by a blue band on the sides of its head and breast, separated by a black stripe.
Distribution: Endemic to the Western Ghats.
Behaviour: It feeds mainly on fruits but also consumes insects and nests in tree branches, which may be taken over by larger barbets.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo
Common name: Greater Racket - tailed Drongo
Scientific name: Dicrurus paradiseus
Tamil name: துடுப்புவால் கரிச்சான்
Description: A medium-sized, glossy black bird with a curved crest and long tail feathers tipped like rackets.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Highly vocal and intelligent, it skillfully mimics bird calls, including alarm and raptor sounds, to cause panic and steal prey.
IUCN Category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Scarlet Minivet
Common name: Scarlet Minivet
Scientific name: Pericrocotus flammeus
Tamil name: மின்சிட்டு
Description: The scarlet minivet is a small, brightly coloured bird with males having striking black and scarlet plumage.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: In the treetops, these birds display lively social behaviour, often joining small groups to forage and exchange melodious calls.
IUCN Category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Malabar Trogon
Common name: Malabar Trogon
Scientific name: Harpactes fasciatus.
Tamil name: மலபார் தீக்காக்கை
Description: These brightly colored birds have black-headed, crimson-bellied males and duller females with olive-brown bodies and ochre undersides.
Distribution: Peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: Malabar trogons feed on insects and fruits. In the Nilgiri hills, they migrate to higher altitudes during summer.
IUCN Category: Least concern
More Info: IUCN
Indian Leopard
Common name: Indian Leopard
Scientific name: Panthera pardus fusca
Tamil name: சிறுத்தை
Description: It has a golden-yellow coat marked with black rosettes. Its underparts are white with fading spots, and it has a long, white-tipped tail.
Distribution: Indian subcontinent.
Behaviour: A big cat of the Indian jungle, it’s a skilled hunter and climber, often carrying kills up trees and coming down headfirst.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Wild Dog
Common name: Wild Dog
Scientific name: Cuon alpinus
Tamil name: செந்நாய்
Description: Also called dholes, they are reddish, medium-sized, with a white belly and dark tail, like a mix of wolf and fox.
Distribution: Native to South, East and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: Living in packs, they prefer staying near water, communicate with whistles, and are diurnal hunters.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Tahr
Common name: Nilgiri Tahr
Scientific name: Nilgiritragus hylocrius
Tamil name: வரையாடு
Description: Tamil Nadu's state animal has a stocky build with coarse fur and a bristly mane. Males are larger and longer-horned than females.
Distribution: Native to south India.
Behaviour: Known for their climbing skills, they scale cliffs with ease and alert others with snorts or whistles.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN
Sloth Bear
Common name: Sloth Bear
Scientific name: Melursus ursinus
Tamil name: தேன் கரடி
Description: Also called as Indian bear, it has shaggy black fur, a pale chest patch, long curved claws, and an elongated snout adapted for sucking up insects.
Distribution: Native to South Asia.
Behaviour: Nocturnal and solitary, they hunt termites and turn aggressive if startled. They have poor eyesight and limited hearing.
IUCN Category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Bengal Tiger
Common name: Bengal Tiger
Scientific name: Panthera tigris tigris
Tamil name: புலி
Description: This large wild cat is India’s national animal. It has a yellow-orange coat with black stripes, a white belly, and an orange tail with black rings.
Distribution: South Asia and southwestern China.
Behaviour: It is a strong, agile predator that defends its territory, hunts quietly, and swims well.
IUCN Category: Endangered
More Info : IUCN
Sambar Deer
Common name: Sambar Deer
Scientific name: Rusa unicolor
Tamil name: கடமான்
Description: This large deer has a dark brown to yellowish coat, a thick mane and paler underparts. Males have antlers, while females lack them.
Distribution: South and Southeast Asia.
Behaviour: They hide in water and bark to warn the herd when threatened
IUCN: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Gaur
Common name: Indian Gaur
Scientific name: Bos gaurus
Tamil name: காட்டெருமை
Description: It is the largest wild cattle species, with a muscular frame, dark coat, white legs, curved horns, and a distinct ridge on its forehead and shoulders.
Distribution: South and southeast Asia.
Behaviour: These herbivores are territorial and mark their space using scent glands. They graze at dawn and dusk, with a deep, resonant call.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Marsh Crocodile
Common name: Marsh Crocodile
Scientific name: Crocodylus palustris
Tamil name: சதுப்புநில முதலை
Description: This crocodile has the broadest snout among its kind, a flat head with eyes, ears, and nostrils on top for easy surface breathing.
Distribution: India, Iran, and Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: These crocodiles bask and dig burrows to regulate temperature. They use skin sensors to hunt and even tools to lure birds.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Nilgiri Langur
Common name: Nilgiri Langur
Scientific name: Trachypithecus johnii
Tamil name: கருங்குரங்கு
Description: A striking black-coated monkey with a reddish-brown to gold head, long tail, and white sideburns. Male langurs are slightly larger than females.
Distribution: Endemic to the southern Western Ghats.
Behaviour: They live in female-led groups, using distinct calls for distress, warning, and alarm.
IUCN category: Vulnerable
More Info: IUCN
Indian Giant Squirrel
Common name: Indian Giant Squirrel
Scientific name: Ratufa indica
Tamil name: மலை அணில்
Description: One of the largest squirrels, it has a striking coat in shades of maroon, brown, and cream, with a long, bushy tail that aids in balance.
Distribution: Endemic to India.
Behaviour: They are omnivorous, make high-pitched alarm calls similar to monkeys, and are known for their long leaps.
IUCN category: Least Concern
More Info: IUCN
Asian Elephant
Common name: Asian Elephant
Scientific name: Elephas maximus
Tamil name: யானை
Description: The largest land mammal in Asia, it has a twin - domed head, long trunk with a fingerlike tip, and depigmented grey skin. Males have tusks, females often have small tushes or none.
Distribution: Asia.
Behaviour: Social and intelligent, they live in female-led herds and are herbivores.
IUCN category: Endangered
More Info: IUCN